Q-1 What is manufacturing?
Answer: Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing.
Q-2 Name any three physical factors that affect the location of the industry.
Answer: The three factors are
a. Availability of raw materials.
b. Power resources
c. Favourable climate.
Q-3 Three human inputs that control the location of industries.
Answer: Human inputs that control the location of industries are:
- Labour
- Market and
- Transport facilities.
Q-4 Name the important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement?
Answer: Limestone, silica, alumina, and gypsum are important raw materials used in the manufacturing of cement.
Q-5 How do industries pollute the environment?
Answer:
Industries have increased pollution and degraded the environment. Industries create four types of pollution mainly air, water, land and noise. The smoke emitted by the industry pollutes the air and water immensely. Air pollution is caused by the presence of a higher proportion of undesirable gases such as carbon monoxide and sulphur oxide.
Source of water pollution are numerous. Most important is the industrial effluent that discharges into rivers. They are both organic and inorganic. They pollute the water. Unwanted loud noise is also pollution. It arises from industries and the different means of transport. Noise causes impairment to hear.
Q-6
Discuss the steps to be taken to minimize environmental degradation by industry?
Answer:
Minimizing the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it, is done in two or more successive stages.
- Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
- Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds.
Treatment of industrial effluents can be done in three phases:
- Primary treatment by mechanical means.
This involves screening, grinding, flocculation, and sedimentation. - Secondary treatment by biological process.
- Tertiary treatment by biological, chemical, and physical processes. This involves the recycling of wastewater.